Intellectual, historical and civilizational traditions of Muslim social thought
yazdan hashemi; mohammad ali tavana
Abstract
The confrontation between Islamic and Western civilizations has several turning points: 1. the translation movement in the seventh century AD, 2. the outbreak of the Crusades from the late eleventh to late thirteenth centuries, and 3. the colonial era from the eighteenth century onward. This article ...
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The confrontation between Islamic and Western civilizations has several turning points: 1. the translation movement in the seventh century AD, 2. the outbreak of the Crusades from the late eleventh to late thirteenth centuries, and 3. the colonial era from the eighteenth century onward. This article examines the intellectual developments of the eighteenth century and beyond, as well as their effects on Muslim civilization. During this time period, the identity and lived experience of Muslims (Eastern, Islamic, and modern identities) were heavily influenced by the West; to the point where it sparked a tide of diverse thought patterns in Islamic societies. These schools of thought have developed in response to two major issues: first, modernity implies the abandonment or reinterpretation of religion, which necessitated the determination of religion’s position in the sociopolitical life of Muslims. Second, is secularization the prerequisite for development and progress, or, more philosophically, is the nature of development secular? What effect has confrontation with the West had on Muslim civilization, is the central query of the article. It appears that Muslims not only perceived and conceptualized each other (the West) differently, but also discovered distinct identities in another mirror. Faced with the West, various currents of thought have emerged in the Islamic world since the eighteenth century, which can be categorized into five distinct groups. 1) Following the Western direction; 2) Religious reform; 3) Nationalistic sentiments; 4) TraditionalismIslam; 5) Rethinking. In the era of multiculturalism, a rethinking approach based on critical acceptance rather than just confrontation or acceptance is one of the sensible ways to preserve the identity of Muslims. Consequently, reading the Islamic tradition and rebuilding its epistemological foundation, maintaining interactions in the field of needs without further rejection, and strengthening the foundations of understanding and thought can be a means of escaping the crises resulting from the confrontation between Islam and the West. The present investigation will employ qualitative content analysis.
mohammad ali tavana; yazdan hashemi; javad jarideh
Abstract
Ibn Khaldun seems to be the first Muslim thinker to look at the phenomenon of war from the sociological-anthropological point of view. This article raises the following questions: 1- What explanation does Ibn Khaldun give of war? 2. What are the most important factors in the sociology-anthropology of ...
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Ibn Khaldun seems to be the first Muslim thinker to look at the phenomenon of war from the sociological-anthropological point of view. This article raises the following questions: 1- What explanation does Ibn Khaldun give of war? 2. What are the most important factors in the sociology-anthropology of Ibn Khaldun's beginning and end of the war? 3) What factors influence the outcome of the war?. The findings of this study show that Ibn Khaldun regards war as a natural phenomenon in human relations. He divides wars into legitimate and illegitimate on the basis of primitive or civilized; in Ibn Khaldun's view, wars based on primitive values are illegitimate and wars that order Are civil, legitimate. Ibn Khaldun considers the most important elements of sociology-anthropology as the initiator of illegitimate wars as the natural excess of mankind, the struggle for mere power, and the most important factors of sociology-anthropology as the initiation of war, tribal loyalty social order and the spread of religious beliefs. At the same time, he focuses on the sociological-anthropological factors of legitimate wars and illicit wars with realistic factors (such as military might) and extraneous factors (such as fortunes and secrecy);. The present paper uses text-based reading method.
